The Bundesliga is one of the most popular football leagues in the world and attracts millions of fans every year. In addition to sporting success, the financial aspects are also of great importance for the clubs. One of the most important sources of income for Bundesliga clubs is television rights, both national and international, which are a significant factor in the success and competitiveness of the clubs. The distribution of television rights is based on various criteria that consider both sporting success and the interest of fans.
The national television revenue is distributed according to the "four-pillar model", with the first pillar being "equal distribution". In the 2022/23 season, 53% of all national revenue (1.121 billion euros) is distributed evenly among clubs within the leagues. This means that each club in the first Bundesliga can expect a sum of €25.8 million, while each club in the second Bundesliga can expect €6.24 million.
The second-largest pillar of national revenue distribution is "performance," which is divided into three parts:
Performance I: Separated five-year ranking (24.5%) In this part, a separate five-year ranking is created for the clubs in the Bundesliga and the second Bundesliga, with the last five seasons weighted (in a ratio of 5:4:3:2:1, beginning with the most recent season). The revenue from this pillar is distributed in a ratio of approximately 81:19 percent between the Bundesliga and the second Bundesliga.
Performance II: Joint five-year ranking (17%) An additional 17% of revenue from the "performance" pillar is allocated based on the same weighting as "Performance I" but using a continuous five-year ranking of all 36 clubs.
Performance III: Joint ten-year ranking (0.5%) In the third part, a continuous ten-year ranking of all 36 clubs is created, with all seasons (starting with the most recent) given equal weight. This part of the "performance" pillar accounts for 0.5% of national revenue.
The third pillar is "youth development" (3%), which is also divided into two sub-pillars:
Youth development I (2/3): The distribution is proportional to the playing time of players under the age of 23 trained in the German Football Association (DFB) and who have not yet played for the senior national team. The allocation is based on all games, including those played during the season in which the player turns 23 (excluding relegation and extra time). Foreign players must be registered with a club located in the DFB before their 15th birthday.
The allocation is split into two parts (50% of the total each) after the first and second half of the season.
Youth development II (1/3): This part is about the development of the young players used. The period considered starts with the 12th year of life, and only the current 36 professional clubs and their share of the training will be taken into account. Revenue is distributed proportionally to the total training period of all U23 local players used by the club, weighted according to the playing time in the current season. The distribution takes place at the end of a season.
The fourth pillar is "interest" (2%). This revenue is distributed in proportion to the interest in the clubs based on the Allensbach market and advertising research. The allocation is based on the number of fans, spectators, and media representatives of the respective clubs, weighted according to the time period under consideration.
Television money distribution national:
Equal distribution / 5-year ranking I / 5-year ranking II / 10-year ranking
Bayern Munich / 25,833,333 / 23,207,503 / 12,596,677 / 386,185
Borussia Dortmund / 25,833,333 / 22,026,529 / 12,596,677 / 371,612
RB Leipzig / 25,833,333 / 20,818,091 / 12,596,677 / 200,099
Bayer 04 Leverkusen / 25,833,333 / 19,609,653 / 12,596,677 / 357,599
Eintracht Frankfurt / 25,833,333 / 17,220,242 / 12,596,677 / 285,855
Borussia Monchengladbach / 25,833,333 / 18,428,680 / 12,596,677 / 343,026
VfL Wolfsburg / 25,833,333 / 16,011,804 / 12,596,677 / 329,014
TSG 1899 Hoffenheim / 25,833,333 / 14,803,366 / 11,967,796 / 314,441
SC Freiburg / 25,833,333 / 13,622,392 / 11,319,858 / 257,270
FC Union Berlin / 25,833,333 / 12,331,561 / 10,690,977 / 128,915
FSV Mainz 05 / 25,833,333 / 10,958,336 / 9,833,412 / 271,843
FC Cologne / 25,833,333 / 9,530,182 / 8,975,847 / 186,086
Hertha BSC / 25,833,333 / 8,019,634 / 7,908,655 / 243,257
FC Schalke 04 / 25,833,333 / 3,213,347 / 5,335,960 / 300,428
FC Augsburg / 25,833,333 / 6,399,229 / 6,841,463 / 228,684
VfB Stuttgart / 25,833,333 / 4,806,288 / 6,098,240 / 171,513
Werder Bremen / 25,833,333 / 1,592,941 / 4,707,079 / 214,672
VfL Bochum / 25,833,333 / 0 / 3,411,203 / 67,821
Television money distribution international:
In the area of international revenue, the clubs of the 1st and 2nd Bundesliga receive a total of about 207 million euros for the 2022/23 season. However, initially, the clubs of the 2nd Bundesliga will be involved in the international revenue with a fixed percentage over the next four years before the payout to the Bundesliga clubs takes place. In the 2022/23 season, the clubs of the 2nd Bundesliga each receive 4 percent. This means that 8.3 million euros of the 207 million euros go to the clubs of the 2nd Bundesliga.
After the participation of the 2nd Bundesliga clubs, the remaining amount of just under 198.7 million euros is distributed to the clubs of the 1st Bundesliga. This is divided into three pillars:
In the first pillar, 35 percent is distributed equally to all 18 clubs of the 1st Bundesliga as a basic amount. Each club receives 3.86 million euros (35 percent of 198.7 million euros divided by 18).
The second pillar comprises 50 percent and is paid out based on a five-year rating. The distribution is proportional to the points earned by the clubs in this rating. A total of 99.4 million euros will be distributed here.
In the third pillar, another 15 percent is distributed for the clubs' participation in UEFA competitions over the past ten years. Each participation leads to one point. The distribution is proportional to the number of points earned. Qualifying games are not taken into account, so direct qualification for UEFA competitions must have been achieved to earn points.
Equal distribution / 5-year ranking / 10-year ranking
Bayern Munich: 3,864,000 / 24,766,291 / 4,657,500
Borussia Dortmund: 3,864,000 / 12,677,982 / 4,657,500
RB Leipzig: 3,864,000 / 14,447,003 / 2,328,750
Bayer 04 Leverkusen: 3,864,000 / 12,383,145 / 4,191,750
Eintracht Frankfurt: 3,864,000 / 15,331,513 / 1,863,000
Borussia Mönchengladbach: 3,864,000 / 3,538,042 / 2,794,500
VfL Wolfsburg: 3,864,000 / 4,717,389 / 1,863,000
TSG 1899 Hoffenheim: 3,864,000 / 5,307,062 / 1,397,250
SC Freiburg: 3,864,000 / 0 / 465,750
FC Union Berlin: 3,864,000 / 1,474,184 / 465,750
FSV Mainz 05: 3,864,000 / 0 / 465,750
FC Köln: 3,864,000 / 1,179,347 / 465,750
Hertha BSC: 3,864,000 / 1,179,347 / 465,750
FC Schalke 04: 3,864,000 / 2,358,694 / 2,794,500
FC Augsburg: 3,864,000 / 0 / 465,750
VfB Stuttgart: 3,864,000 / 0 / 465,750
Werder Bremen: 3,864,000 / 0 / 0
VfL Bochum: 3,864,000 / 0 / 0
Together, the clubs of the 1st Bundesliga receive the following amounts.
Total TV revenues.
Bayern München / 95.311.488
Borussia Dortmund / 82.027.633
RB Leipzig / 80.087.953
Bayer 04 Leverkusen / 78.836.158
Eintracht Frankfurt / 76.994.620
Bor. Mönchengladbach / 67.398.257
VfL Wolfsburg / 65.215.216
TSG 1899 Hoffenheim / 63.487.248
SC Freiburg / 55.362.603
1.FC Union Berlin / 54.788.720
FSV Mainz 05 / 51.226.673
1.FC Köln / 50.034.545
Hertha BSC / 47.513.977
FC Schalke 04 / 43.700.262
FC Augsburg / 43.632.459
VfB Stuttgart / 41.239.124
Werder Bremen / 36.212.025
VfL Bochum / 33.176.357
In summary, the distribution of TV broadcasting revenues in the Bundesliga follows a complex system that takes into account both the national and international performance of the clubs. The total amount of TV broadcasting revenues that will be distributed in the 2022/23 season amounts to almost 1.4 billion euros. FC Bayern Munich receives the highest amount, with over 95 million euros, followed by Borussia Dortmund and RB Leipzig. The distribution of funds is intended to ensure greater equality of opportunity in the league and to reward sporting success.
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